连词是一种虚词，在句中起连接作用，可以用来连接单词、短语、从句、分句或句子。在名子中不单独作句子成分，一般不重读

分类

根据连词的本身含义及所连接的成分是否平等，连词可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类

1、并列连词

并列连词用以连接彼此是并列关系的单词、短语、从句或分句，被连接的两个部分彼此独立的，在句法上是平等的。常用的并列连词有 and、or、but、not only..but also..、both..and.. 等

2、从属连词

从属连词用来连接两个或两个以上的分句，形成复杂句中的从属分句，即引导名词性从句和状语从句。常用的从属连词有 that、whether、when、although、because 等

与介词、副词的区别

1、在状语从句中，用连词来连接从句

Though he was poor, he never begged for money.

2、在状语从句中，不能用副词来连接从句

He is very smart, moreover, he is diligent. 错误

He is very smart and, moreover, he is diligent. 正确

3、介词后面只能是名词形式

Despite he was poor, he never begged for money. 错误

Despite his poverty, he never begged for money. 正确

Though he was poor, he never begged for money. 正确

4、状语从句中，只应该使用一个连词

Although she studied hard, but she didnt succeed. 错误

Indeed she studied hard, but she didnt succeed. 正确

【注意】既是连词又是介词的三个单词：before、after、since

常用连词

when 当...时；while 当...时，在...期间；whenever(no matter when) 无论什么时候

where 在...地方；wherever(no matter where) 无论哪里；everywhere 每一...地方/到处；anywhere 任何地方

as 因为、虽然；as...as... 和...一样；as far as 就...而言；so/as long as 只要；as if/though 好像

however(no matter how) 无论怎样；whatever(no matter what) 无论什么

before 在...以前；after 在...以后

though/although 虽然/尽管；even if/though 即使

as soon as/the moment/no sooner... than.../directly 一...就...

until/till 直到...；since 自从；every time 每当；once 一旦

yet 仍然、还是、but 但是、still 仍然等

except that 只可惜

in that/because 因为；now that/since 既然、因为；seeing(that)/considering(that) 鉴于/由于

if 如果；in case 如果；unless 除非；lest 唯恐；suppose/supposing 假如；only if 只要/只有；if only 但愿/要是...该多好；on condition (that) 条件是...；provided(that) 假如

and 和、than 比、as well as 和...一样、both...and... 都是、not... but... 并非...而是...、not only...but also... 不但...而且...、either...or... 不是... 就是...、neither... nor... 既非... 也非...、rather than 而非...

so 因此、for 因此、then 因此、therefore 因此

so that 以便、因此、所以；so(such)...that 如此...以致；in order that 以便；lest 唯恐；for fear that 唯恐/以免；in case 免得/以防万一；that 以便

连词符号

破折号 —

此类符号专门用来连接两句，同时强调第一个句子，以补充意思的不足，相当于“也就是说”

There is hardly anything he doesnt know - he is a child prodigy. 他几乎无所不知，换句话说，他是个神童

冒号 :

此类符号也可用以连接两句，以强调前句中的名词

He made his goal know to us: he wanted to study abroad. 他让我们知道他的目标了，他要出国深造

分号 :

此类符号相当于逗号 + 连词

He is nice; I like him. 他人不错，因此我很喜欢你

从属连词

从属连词引导从句，包括名词性从句和状语从句

名词性从句

It is obvious that we need to think twice about this thing. 很明显我们需要仔细考虑这件事(that 引导主语从句)

He said that he did not want to go. 他说他不想去(that 引导宾语从句)

The reason was that I didnt like hime. 原因是我不喜欢他(that 引导表语从句)

The news that the exam was canceled excited me. 考试取消消息使我兴奋(that 引导同位语从句)

状语从句

1、时间状语从句

when 当...时；whenever 任何时候；as 当...时，一边...一边；while 当...时，在...期间；before 在...以前；after 在...以后；until/till 直到...；since 自从；once 一旦；as soon as/the moment 一...就...；every time 每当；directly 一...就...；no sooner... than... 一...就... 等

The novel became even more popular after it was made into a movie. 这部小说在拍成电影后更受欢迎了

As soon as he stops talking, lets go and get some coffee. 等他话音一落，咱们就去弄点咖啡

Many things have happened since I last saw him. 自从我上次见到他以来，发生了很多事

when 与 while

When 形容活动被某事件打断的情况

We were having a picnic when the storm began. 当暴风雨开始时，我们在野餐

While 表示持续性的活动

While we were camping, we saw a bear. 当我们在野营时，我们看到了熊

While I was washing dishes, I broke a glass. 当我在清洗盘子时，我打破了一个玻璃杯

但 when 和 while 其实可以放心地交替使用

She was skating when she fell. 当她摔倒时，她在溜冰

While she was skating, she fell. 当她溜冰时，她摔倒了

2、地点状语从句

where 在...地方；wherever 无论哪里，在任何地方；everywhere 每一...地方/到处；anywhere 任何地方

Sit wherever you like. 想坐哪儿就坐哪儿

Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成

Ill take you anywhere you like. 你喜欢哪儿，我就带你去哪儿

3、原因状语从句

as 由于/因为；because 因为；since 既然；seeing(that)/considering(that) 鉴于/由于；now that 既然；in that 因为 等

Since/as you are busy, you had better not go with us. 既然你工作忙，你就不必跟我们去了

Seeing(that) he is young, his salary is not so bad. 他还年轻，他的薪水算不错的了

Now that you mention it, I do remember the incident.

because 与 because of

because 用在主句前面

I cant see because it is so foggy. 因为雾太大了，我看不到

because of 用在名词前面

It was difficult to see because of the snow. 因为雪，很难看清楚

Angela couldnt sleep because of the noise. 因为那些噪音，Angela没有睡觉

4、目的状语从句

so that 以便；in order that 以便；lest 唯恐；for fear that 唯恐/以免；in case 免得/以防万一 等

I got up early in order to catch the first bus. 为了赶第一班公交车，我起床很早

They spoke in whisper for fear that they might wake the baby. 他们轻声说话，以免吵醒婴儿

I take an umbrella in case it would rain. 我带了把伞，以防下雨

5、结果状语从句

that 以便；so(such)...that 如此...以致；so that 因此/所以 等

They set off half an hour earlier that they might get there in time. 他们早出发半小时，以便及时到达那里

Ill wash the dress so that you can wear it. 我把这件衣服洗了，你好穿上

He is such a good student that all the teachers like him. 他是个好学生，老师们都喜欢他

6、条件状语从句

if 如果；in case 如果；unless 除非；lest 唯恐；suppose/supposing 假如；so/as long as 只要；only if 只要/只有；if only 但愿/要是...该多好；on condition (that) 条件是...；provided(that) 假如 等

In case you see him, ask him about it. 如果你见着他，问问他这件事

You may come if you want to. 如果你愿意你可以来

I refuse to do it unless you help. 你如果不协助，我是不干的

If only I could play the piano. 要是我会弹钢琴，该多好啊

I will come with you provided (that) I am well enough. 只要我身体好，我一定和你一起去

7、让步状语从句

though/although 虽然/尽管；even if/though 即使 等

I didnt get the job though I tried all my best. 尽管我使出浑身解数也没有得到那份工作

Even if I failed this exam, I will not give up my English studying. 即使我考试失败，也决不会放弃英语学习

W.. + ever

however(no matter how) 无论怎样；whatever(no matter what) 无论什么；whenever(no matter when) 无论什么时候；wherever(no matter where) 无论哪里

No matter how hard it is, I will do my best to do it. 不管如何艰难，我都要尽力去做

Whatever you do, it has nothing to do with me. 无论你做什么事，那都与我无关

Whenever I come, I see him studying. 我每一次来，都会看到他在学习

Wherever you go, Ill follow you. 无论你到何处，我都跟你走

8、比较状语从句

than 比，as...as... 和...一样等

He has more friends than she (does). 他的朋友比她的多

She runs as fast as a rabbit (does). 她跑得像兔子一样快

He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸爸一样高

9、方式状语从句

as 正如/就像；as...as... 和...一样；as far as 就...而言；as if/though 好像 等

Why didnt you do your homework as I told you to? 你怎么不听我的话做人的家庭作业呢？

They looked at me as if/though I were mad. 他们看着我好像我发疯了似的。

As far as I could see, your behavior is unjustifiable. 就我看来，你的行为是不合情理的

He looks as ill as he sounded on the phone. 他的样子看起来不大好，正如听他电话中说话声音也不大好一样

并列连词

1、并列关系

as well as、and、both...and...、and、not only... but also... 等

Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不待人

The little girl is not only beautiful but also clever. 这个小女孩不仅漂亮而且聪明

Both you and I are students. 你和我都是学生

John as well as you is my bosom friend. 约翰和你都是我的知己

2、转折关系

yet、but、while、still 等

The car was quite old but in excellent condition. 那部车相当旧了，但机器性能还非常好

The winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm. 北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很温暖

I explained twice, still he couldnt understand. 我解释了两遍，然而他还是不懂

3、选择关系

either...or...；neither...nor...；or；otherwise；or else 等

He is either sick or lazy. 他不是病了就是太懒

I do not care whether you go or stay. 我才不管你是走还是留

He moved steadily, looking neither left nor right. 他从容地走着，并不左顾右盼

4、因果关系

so、for、then、therefore 等

The air here is polluted, so the crops are dying. 这里的空气受到了污染，所以庄稼快死了

The leaves of the trees are falling, for its already autumn. 树叶在落下，因为秋天已经来到了

使用误区

连词用法，看起来简单，但在实际应用中，错误却是在所难免

1、这个外国人不仅会说英语，还会说普通话

The foreigner not only speaks English but also Mandarin. 错误

The foreigner speaks not only English but also Mandarin. 正确

这里的 not only 应该移到 speaks 后面，使这个动词兼顾两个等立宾语： Mandarin 和 English

2、虽然他很胖，但身体却很弱

Although he is fat, but he is very weak. 错误

Although he is fat, he is very weak. 正确

He is fat, but he is very weak. 正确

although 和 but 不可以同时使用，要去掉一个

3、这本书既可以用作课本，又可以当作参考书

This book may be used both as a text as well as a reference book. 错误

This book may be used both as a text and a reference book. 正确

as well as 和 both 不能搭配，应该改成 both... and...

4、杰克没有你那么弱

Jack is not so weak like you. 错误

Jack is not so weak as you. 正确

not so 必须和 as 搭配，而不能用 like

5、她坐公交车去车站

She took a bus and which took her to the station. 错误

She took a bus which took her to the station. 正确

She took a bus and it took her to the station. 正确

and 多余，或者把 which 改成 it

6、我的朋友走过来，握着我的手，兴奋地说再见

My friend came up to me and held my hand, said good-bye excitedly. 错误

My friend came up to me, held my hand, and said good-bye excitedly. 正确

My friend came up to me and held my hand, saying good-bye excitedly. 正确

and 应该用来连接最后两个谓语，或者把 said 改成 saying

7、我们刚到达目的地，他们就离开了

No sooner had we reached our destination, they left. 错误

No sooner had we reached our destination than they left. 正确

As soon as we reached our destination, they left. 正确

no sooner 必须和 than 搭配