past

一、本义：经过、路过

She waved as she drove past. 她开车经过的时候挥了挥手

She went past Toms house. 她走过了汤姆的房子

go past 经过；路过 | Walk two blocks down the street and go past the city hall. 顺这条街走两个街区，路过市政厅

brush past 擦过 | She brushed past me without making any comment. 她从我身边经过，什么话都没说

二、引申

1、晚于，在...之后

Its ten past eleven. 十一点过十分了

Come on, it’s long past your bedtime. 快点，早就过了你的上床时间了

2、在...更远处

The hospital’s just up this road, about a mile past the school. 医院就在这条路上，经过学校再往前约一英里

There are parking spaces over there, just past the garage. 那边有停车位，就在那个车库过去一点的地方

三、扩展

live in the past 因循守旧；按旧章程办事 | Dont live in the past, but move on from past mistakes and difficult situations. 不要生活在过去中，而是从过去的错误和困难情形中向前走

through

一、本义：穿过(封闭空间)

一般地，如果名词可以与 in 搭配，就可以与 through 搭配

Visitors enter through a side entrance. 参观者通过一个侧门进入

Water will be pumped through a pipe. 水将通过管子抽上来

They were suddenly plunged into darkness as the train went through a tunnel. 火车穿过隧道，他们顿时陷入黑暗之中

We passed through France on our way to Italy. 我们去意大利时途经法国

We made our way through the village to the farm. 我们穿过村庄来到了农场

The wind howled through the trees. 风呼啸着刮过树林

Let me through – I’m a doctor. 让我过去——我是医生

二、引申

1、整个期间，自始至终

The cold weather continued through the spring. 寒冷的天气持续了整个春天

He slept right through the day. 他睡了一整天

The fighting went on all through the night. 战斗持续了整夜

2、透过某物看

I could see her through the window. 我透过窗户看到了她。

I could see right through the thin curtains. 我透过薄薄的窗帘看得一清二楚

3、凭借某事/某人

She got her first job through an employment agency. 她通过职业介绍所得到了第一份工作。

a success that was achieved through co-operative effort 凭借齐心协力取得的成功

I heard about it through a friend. 我是从一个朋友那里听说此事的

三、扩展

see through 识破、看穿 | Nobody saw through his disguise. 没有人识破他的伪装。

break through 突破，冲垮；突围 | After hours of fierce fighting, rebels broke through the lines and captured the capital. 经过数小时激烈的战争，叛乱者突破了防线并且占领了首都。

breeze through 轻松地做 | He breezed through the exam. 他轻松地通过了考试

through and through 完全，彻底；彻头彻尾地 | I am a dog person through and through, but I think caring for an animal of any kind helps people develop compassion for other living things. 我完全是名爱狗人士，但我认为照顾任何一种动物都会帮助人们对其他事物同情心的发展。

once through 单程的；一次性的 | The instructions say to do these once through, ten times a day。训练说明：按照顺序做一遍，一天做10遍

throughout

一、本义：遍及、在各处

The disease spread rapidly throughout Europe. 疾病迅速在整个欧洲蔓延开来。

The house is in excellent condition, with fitted carpets throughout. 这幢房子状况极好，全部铺着地毯

They export their products to markets throughout the world. 他们把产品出口到世界各地的市场

二、引申

1、整个期间、自始至终

由遍及、在各处，引申为贯穿整个时期

The museum is open daily throughout the year. 这个博物馆一年到头每天都开放

We are open every weekend throughout the year. 我们全年每个周末都对外开放

He was involved in politics throughout his life. 他的一生都和政治联系在一起

The debate continued, but he remained silent throughout. 辩论继续进行着，但他自始至终保持沉默

三、扩展

throughout history 有史以来；纵观历史；贯穿历史 | Throughout history people have built their cities around water resources, often on rivers or natural harbors. 纵观历史，人们在有水资源的地方通常是在河边或海港边建起了城市

throughout the length and breadth 四面八方；到处；遍及 | The flowers spread their fragrance throughout the length and breadth. 花儿的芳香散发到四面八方

throughout the day 整天；终日 | The rain continued throughout the day. 雨整天下个不停

across

一、本义：横穿(平面)

the only bridge across the river. 河上唯一的一座桥

a deep crack across the ceiling. 横贯天花板的一道深深的裂缝

He walked across the field. 他走过田地

the first flight across the Atlantic. 跨越大西洋的首次飞行

They ran straight across the road. 他们径直跑过了马路

二、引申

1、朝、向(对面)

He walked across to where I was sitting. 他朝我坐的地方走过来

Why don’t you go across and say hello? 你为什么不去打个招呼呢

2、在..对面

My best friend lives across the road. 我最好的朋友住在马路对面

the woman sitting across from me on the train 火车上坐在我对面的女士

3、遍及、在...各处

A smile spread across his face. 在他脸上闪烁着微笑

a TV series that became popular across five continents 在五大洲广受欢迎的电视系列片

Teachers are expected to teach a range of subjects right across the curriculum. 要求教师能教授课程里的很多科目

三、扩展

put across 圆满完成； 解释清楚 | He knew how to put his ideas across. 他知道该怎样把他的想法解释清楚

get across 通过、渡过 | The bridge was blown up, so we couldnt get across. 桥被炸了，所以我们无法过去

come across 碰到；遇到；无意中发现 | Weve just come across an old friend. 我们刚碰到了一位老朋友。

across the board 包括所有人在内 | Youd better come indoors across the board. 你们所有人最好都进屋

across the way 在对面 | There is a bus stop across the way. 街对面有一个公共汽车站

across from 在…对面 | I looked up at my friend sitting across from me. 我抬头看向坐在我对面的朋友

via

一、本义：经过、取道

We flew to Athens via Paris. 我们经由巴黎飞往雅典

Mr. Baker will return home via Britain and France. 贝克先生将途经英国和法国回家

二、引申

1、通过、借助

I heard about the sale via Jane. 我从简那里听说了这次大减价

I sent a message to Kitty via her sister. 我通过姬蒂的妹妹给她捎了个口信

You can access our homepage via the Internet. 你可以通过因特网进入我们的主页